Endnotes

¹ Senior Research Fellow, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (aorbeta@pids.gov.ph). This paper was written while the author was a Visiting Researcher at the Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo. Opinions expressed here are solely of the author does not necessarily reflects the view or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute nor of the Philippine Institute for Development Studies. This paper has benefited from the comments of John Weiss, Haider Khan, and Peter McCawley. Research assistance of Janet Cuenca, Keiko Sasaki, Mihoko Saito, Reiko Nishiura and Nami Sampei are gratefully acknowledged. All errors, however, are solely the responsibility of the author.

² It should be noted had the mortality rates of the two countries been the same as the Philippines rather than lower; the difference in population sizes would have been even bigger.

³ That Philippines is an outlier in this regard is well-documented (see for instance, Berhman and Schneider, 1994; Behrman 1990).

⁴ USAID, the primary donor of contraceptive supplies, has recently indicated to government that it is phasing out its provision of contraceptive supplies.

⁵ There are recent studies that relate specific measures of vulnerability to household characteristics (e.g. Ligon and Schechter, 2003). This study has applied a well-defined vulnerability measure to food consumption using 12-month Bulgarian data. It finds that large family size significantly contributes to the vulnerability of households.

⁶ De Dios and Associates (1993) succinctly describe this Filipino trait in the following statement: “Makapagpatapos (to let as son/daughter graduate) is still the standard by which successful parenting is measured; the stereotype of good parents, bordering caricature, is still those who scrimp and save to send their children to school and to college.”

⁷ This inherent weakness of cross-tabulation analysis will be dealt with in multivariate analysis that allows one to control for these mentioned factors. The results are presented in a subsequent section.

⁸ The reference period for wage income in APIS 2002 is six-moths.

⁹ To inflate to the survey year (2002) pesos, use the price index values of 1.666.

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Comment(s)

There are [5] comment(s) for this entry. Post a comment.

1. Edgar
   (posted 01 August 2007 / 03:06:59 AM)
   
   I haven't really exhaustively read the discussion paper, just breezed through, so I might sound unfair, but I am now old enough to be highly distrustful of kneejerk reactions and conventional wisdom that suggest population is largely causative of family poverty. Has there not been enough research that large scale asset reform in highly skewed income distributive countries such as the Philippines is needed to industrialize a population and as a side effect put more females in the smokestack workforce? And this industrialization will lead to more families involuntarily spacing births? Come on, address land ownership first and produce indigenous jobs, rather than depending on migrant employment to create a surplus. Be more critical of theories that population is a major contributory factor to poverty.
2. krisjoy
   (posted 22 March 2007 / 03:27:52 PM)
   
   It's not enough to just be aware that we are poor. Since the government posted ambitious poverty reduction targets, then the average 'juan' will continue to think rice is special for more years. I think what we need is to work as a nation, achieving realistic marks for developments in agriculture, land reform, population planning, security issues, among others. I am young and I am earning; however, I feel very poor seeing that many of my fellowmen do not eat rice and that the tax I religiously pay does not get to projects.
3. MARIONNE
   (posted 06 March 2007 / 10:38:21 AM)
   
   poverty is a very hard opponent. if we want to have even a wee bit of development in our poor country, the government must see to it that poverty is lessened.
   tnx...
4. Junior
   (posted 01 March 2007 / 09:05:08 PM)
   
   In our country corruption is the number one cause of poverty thanks.
5. john
   (posted 11 July 2006 / 05:43:07 PM)
   
   Yes! It is evident here in the philippines
   because, as we can see now it is our problem ....thats all.