Endnotes

¹The authors wish to thank Ms. Naomi Koike, Ms. Anna Cassandra Melendez-Nakamura, Ms. Sachiko Oda, and Mr.Tran Trong Hung for their research assistance.

² The terms "distance learning" and "distance education" are often used synonymously in the existing literature.

³ For more information, please visit ADBI CD-ROM Reviews

⁴ The GDLN is a World Bank initiative launched in June 2000 with an aim to improve development effectiveness by enhancing the capacity of development decision-makers and practitioners through the networked learning and knowledge sharing.

⁵ The MFDL was launched in 2002 with support from the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, the United States Agency for International Development and the United Nations Foundation The complete course packing is now available online and free of charge at http://www.uncdf.org/mfdl.

⁶ The 1st MFTOT is recruited 19 TOT participants and initially certified 10 trainers. Five participants received second chance opportunity to re-do new assignment and exam for which four were finally certified. As information collected on participants of the 1st MFTOT was in a different format, it is not reported in this paper.

⁷ Out of these 107 regular participants, 70 were ones who applied to the course as TOT participants but were not selected for accreditation. An additional of 37 participants joined the course without formal application but were nonetheless provided with learning materials.

⁸ It should be noted that perception of the term "learning activities" might vary from person to person. Apart from the CD-ROM, workbook, and VCs, there were recommended readings which some participants may have considered part of learning activities while other may not.

⁹ This question aimed for TOT participants only as tutor was not provided for regular participants. However, some regular participants may have indirect communication with tutors so responded to it.

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