Endnotes
1Contract farming in this study is defined as arrangements whereby development assistance or agri-services are
provided to farmer. This could include improved farming practices, provision of extension services, quality
control mechanisms, credit, and market for products. Contract farming in this study does not include informal
contracts between local traders and farmers without provision of technical assistance and quality improvement.
These informal contracts provide only in-kind inputs at the start of the season, and cost of inputs is deducted
when the farmer sells outputs to the trader.
2The terms contractor, purchaser, and firm are used interchangeably in this paper, although the majority of the
contractors in the context of this paper are largely agri-business firms.
3ACMECS is a cooperation agreement among Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, the Lao PDR, and Viet Nam,
which aims to promote balanced development in the Mekong region. The establishment of ACMECS was
proposed and initiated by Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra in 2003. More information is available at the
ACMECS web site: www.acmecs.org.
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The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
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