Endnotes

¹The Third Freedom of the Air or Third Freedom Right is the right or privilege, in respect to scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier. The Fourth Freedom Right is the right to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier.

²Fifth Freedom Right refers to the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State.

³India and the People's Republic of China, as ASEAN Dialogue partners, have been invited to join in the Open Sky Agreement of ASEAN by 2010.

⁴This refers to the latest of the five-year plans in the country that are used to guide the medium-term development of Malaysia.

⁵STOLports are Short Take-Off Landing airports, which serve communities in less accessible areas.

⁶Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.

⁷Skytrax is a United Kingdom-based consultancy that carries out international traveler surveys to determine the best airlines and other air travel related matters.

⁸Community airlines differentiate themselves from LCCS as they operate routes that are not served by LCCS or full-service airlines and they utilize turboprops instead of jets. Although Firefly also flies to Penang, the airline uses Subang instead of KLIA while the LCCT is located at KLIA.

⁹Tiger Airways, established in 2003, is jointly owned by SIA (49%), Indigo Partners LLC (24%), Irelandia Investments Ltd. (16%) and Temasek Holdings (11%), while Jetstar Asia, established in 2004, is a joint venture company by Australian airline company, Qantas which holds a 49% equity, Temasek Holdings (19%) and a group of Singaporean businessmen (32%) (Bernama 30 January 2008, Singapore).

¹⁰Under the Shuttle Agreement, the carriers agree on a common fare to charge customers who turn up at the airport on standby for the next flight.

¹¹The five factors are spatial, facility, demand, service, and managerial factors.

¹²Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand were ranked 16, 32 and 42, respectively, out of a total of 130 countries worldwide. See www.weforum.org Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2008. Accessed 29 May 2008.

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